Protected cultivation of horticultural crops in Nepal: Current practices and future needs

Protected cultivation infers the under guarded conditions or we can say simply, a modified atmosphere man-made micro-climatic such as alteration in CO2 concentration also use of different temperature levels on specific protected structures hoop houses, cold shade hot frames hotbeds, hot-bed manures well high tunnels which are less costly and be easily afforded by Nepalese farmers. Horticultural crops rely heavily environmental i.e., temperature, soil moisture, sunlight, fertility. However, with climate change, weather patterns worldwide shifting, significantly impacting horticultural directly indirectly mid-hills high-hills Nepal. The people mountainous region getting malnutrition due to scarcity food. By adapting climate-smart practices increase productivity seasonal crop availability off-season throughout year not only improves status but helps country lower vulnerability towards change. This review highlights common used Nepal their need future.